What are woodblocks?

Woodblocks (Moku Hanga) are considered a relief technique, where the artist carves away areas that should not print from a block of cherry, pear or basswood. Ink is applied to the remaining raised surface, and paper is pressed onto the block by hand or with a press to transfer the ink.

Generally, each color requires a separate block and a separate inking and printing. It is important to have proper alignment, so each color can be laid down in the correct position. The carving must also be done in mirror image to the desired end result. It is an exacting process, requiring great patience, skill and concentration.

When water-based inks are used, as is common in Japan, soft gradations of color can be achieved by blending inks on the block. The blocks must be re-inked and printed for every sheet of paper in the edition.

Micah Schwaberow carving a block. Image from his book, “Festival of Light“